Industrial Analysis of CNC Machine Tools

    Machine tools refer to machines used to manufacture machines.They are called "industrial mother machines" and "hearts of modern industry".They are the foundation of the manufacturing industry and the key areas for high-end breakthroughs in the manufacturing industry.In particular,they provide important support for high-end equipment manufacturing fields such as the automotive industry,rail transportation,electronic information equipment,shipbuilding,and aerospace.The technical level of high-end CNC machine tools is one of the standards for measuring a country's core manufacturing capabilities.

Brief History of Machine Tool Development

    Machine tools were originally used to make clocks and weapons,and thread lathes and gear processing machines,as well as hydraulically driven barrel boring machines,appeared.From the late 19th century to the early 20th century,single lathes gradually evolved into milling machines,planers,grinders,drilling machines,etc.These major machine tools have basically been finalized,which created conditions for mechanization and semi-automation of production in the early 20th century.In the 30 years after 1920,mechanical manufacturing technology entered a semi-automated period,and hydraulic and electrical components were gradually applied to machine tools and other machinery.In 1950,the development of machine tools began to enter the automation period,and in 1951,the first CNC machine tool appeared.

Definition of CNC machine tools

    CNC machine tools are automated machine tools equipped with a program control system.Compared with traditional machine tools,CNC machine tools can better solve the problems of complex,precise,small batch,and multi-variety parts processing,and represent the development direction of modern machine tool control technology.CNC machine tools are mainly composed of three parts:the machine tool body,the transmission system,and the CNC system. Among them,the machine tool body is the main component of the CNC machine tool and also the hardware part;the transmission system is an important "context" of the CNC machine tool,which dominates the orderly progress of various parts of the CNC machine tool and completes the working mission of the machine tool;the CNC system is the brain and core of the CNC machine tool,and is the essence of completing various functions and operations.

Composition of CNC machine tools

CNC machine tools mainly include the following parts

1.Machine tool body: The machine tool body is the main component and important mechanical accessory part of the machine tool.It is the part that is most easily seen by the naked eye.As the hardware of the machine tool,it also includes the bed and base castings,spindle and gearbox,guide rails and slides,lubrication,chip removal and cooling.

2.Transmission system: The transmission system is an important "vein" of CNC machine tools,which leads the orderly progress of various parts of the machine tool and completes the working mission of the machine tool,including tools,transmission machinery and auxiliary power systems.

·Tool part:including protection device,tool magazine and tool changing device;

·Transmission machinery:including ball screw,linear guide and worm;

·Auxiliary power system:including hydraulic system and starting system,which is also the power of CNC machine tools.

3.CNC system: The CNC system can be said to be the soul of the CNC machine tool, the most emotional part of the entire machine tool, and the essence of the machine tool to complete various functions and operations. The CNC system is basically divided into two categories: drive device: it includes high-speed spindle, torque motor, linear motor, ordinary motor and stepper motor; control and detection device: including CNC system, programmable controller, feed servo control module, position detection module, etc.

Classification of CNC machine tools

    CNC machine tools can be classified according to processing technology,motion mode,servo control mode,machine tool performance,etc.From the process characteristics of the surface formation of the processing object (parts),CNC machine tools are traditionally divided into two categories:CNC metal cutting machine tools and CNC metal forming machine tools.In recent years,due to the increasing application of new materials in complex products (such as aircraft,automobiles,aero engines,etc.),the materials of CNC machine tool parts are no longer limited to metal materials,but have been expanded to non-metallic materials such as composite materials and ceramic materials,and the processing technology also includes special processing methods.

    In addition,from the perspective of function and performance,CNC machine tools can be divided into three categories:economical,mid-range (or popular) and high-end.High-end CNC machine tools have functions such as high speed,precision,intelligence,composite,multi-axis linkage,and network communication.Its development symbolizes that the country's current machine tool manufacturing industry occupies an advanced stage in the development of the world's machine tool industry.Multi-axis linkage technology is one of the core technologies of high-end CNC machine tools.Multi-axis linkage refers to the simultaneous movement of the feed axes (including linear coordinate feed axes and rotary coordinate feed axes) of CNC machine tools under the control of CNC devices according to program instructions.High-end CNC machine tools generally have 3-axis or more linkage control functions,mostly 4-axis linkage or 5-axis linkage.Internationally,high-end machine tool technologies such as five-axis linkage CNC machine tools are regarded as an important symbol of a country's industrialization.Five-axis linkage CNC machine tools refer to machine tools specially used for processing complex curved surfaces.They have the advantages of wide application range,high work efficiency,improved processing accuracy,and increased tool life.With the rapid development of advanced manufacturing industry,five-axis linkage CNC machine tools,as an important symbol of the country's industrialization level,have gained broad development prospects.