Maintenance and Fault Diagnosis of CNC Machine Tools

    The maintenance and fault diagnosis of CNC machine tools is a complex and meticulous process.Maintenance personnel need to master rich professional knowledge and practical experience,follow scientific diagnostic principles and maintenance methods to ensure the stable operation and efficient processing of machine tools.At the same time,enterprises should also strengthen the training and management of maintenance personnel,improve their skills and work efficiency,and provide strong guarantees for the production and development of enterprises.

    CNC machine tool maintenance includes two aspects:daily maintenance and fault repair.Daily maintenance mainly involves regular cleaning,lubrication,cutting fluid,rust prevention,inspection,etc.of the machine tool to prevent the occurrence of faults.Fault repair is to diagnose and analyze the cause of the fault after the machine tool fails,and take corresponding maintenance measures to repair it.

Principles of Fault Diagnosis for CNC Machine Tools

    Gradually go deeper from the periphery: Maintenance personnel need to start checking the peripheral equipment of the machine tool and gradually penetrate into the core components of the machine tool to avoid hasty unpacking and disassembly,so as not to damage the accuracy and performance of the machine tool.

    Easy first, then difficult: When multiple faults occur in a machine tool,easy problems should be solved first,and then more difficult problems should be solved.This helps simplify the maintenance process and improve maintenance efficiency.

    Ensure safety: During the maintenance process,the safety operating procedures should be strictly followed to ensure the safety of personnel and equipment.In particular,before the power-on test, the electrical system of the machine tool should be carefully checked to ensure that no unexpected failures and accidents will occur.

Fault Diagnosis Methods for CNC Machine Tools

    Self-diagnosis function method: Utilize the self-diagnosis function of the CNC machine tool to quickly locate the general cause of the fault through the alarm information on the CRT display or the indication of the light-emitting diode.This is one of the effective methods in current maintenance work.

    Functional program testing method: The common functions and special functions of the CNC machine tool are compiled into functional test programs, which are input into the CNC system for operation. The possible causes of the fault are determined by checking the accuracy and reliability of the machine tool in executing these functions.

    Isolation method: Narrow the scope of the fault search area by disconnecting certain control loops.For example,when determining whether it is an NC fault or a servo system fault,the servo speed given signal can be disconnected for testing.

    Local heating method: For components whose performance deteriorates after long-term operation, you can use tools such as a hot hair dryer or electric soldering iron to heat them locally to accelerate their aging and expose faulty components. However, you need to pay attention to the temperature parameters of the components to avoid damaging normal components.

Maintenance measures for CNC machine tools

    Replace faulty components: After locating the faulty components, new components should be replaced in time to restore the normal operation of the machine tool.

    Adjust machine tool parameters: Sometimes machine tool failure is caused by improper parameter settings.At this time, the machine tool parameters need to be adjusted to eliminate the failure.

    Cleaning and lubrication: Regular cleaning and lubrication of machine tools is an important measure to prevent failures.This helps maintain the accuracy and performance of the machine tools and prolong their service life.

    Professional training: In order to improve the skills of maintenance personnel, they should be regularly trained.The training content can include the structural principles of CNC machine tools,fault diagnosis methods,maintenance skills,etc.